课程内容

《Great scientists（Part 4）》
Learning goals:
1.to know the definition of The past Participle
2.to learn the directions of The Past Participle as the Attribute and Predicative
过去分司属于非谓语动词的范畴
   非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。
非谓语动词的性质特点
（1）非谓语动词可以在名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语中、表语。
（2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
（3）非谓语动词可以有副作用（如动词不定式和分词）在句中作状语。
（4）谓语动词在句中作谓语，受主语的人称和数的限制；非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，它不受主语的人称和数的限制。
过去分词的定义
过去分词只有一咱形式没有主动与被动。“体"(一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化；规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。
理解过去分词概念上的两层含义
过去分词表示被动含义和完成含义
1.及物动词的过去分词。与句子的主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，不但表示被动，还表示已完成了。
2.不及物动词的过去分词，与句子的主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作的完成。
过去分词的形容词化
   所谓过去分词形容词化，就是说过去分词具有了形容的性质，那么过去分词就能够在句子中充当定语和表语。
一，过去分词作定语时，常指已完成的动作且与所修饰词之间为被动关系。一般来说，如果是单个的过去分词，则放在所修饰词前，若是一个过去分词智短语，则放在所修饰词后。
二.过去分词作表语时，往往表示一种状态，而被动语态则表示一个动作。
过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语，一般表示分词的动作与被修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系，且表示该动作已经完成。如：
Most of the artists mvited to the party were from South Afriea.
The computer center.opened last year is very popular among the students.
单个过去分词作定语，通常置于被修饰的前面，而过去分词作定语，则需置于被修饰词之后。如：
The mjured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
The workers injured in the accident are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
过去分词作定语时，可转换为一个对应的定语从句。
I found it hard to understand the English that was spoken by the native villagers
The old man who talked to us on the bus is a retired teacher (a reacher who has retired)
过去分词和不定式的被动式动词-ing形式的被动式都可在句中作定语，表示被动意义，但时间含义上有所不同。试比较；
He didn't turn up at the meeting held yesterday afternoon（表示完成）
过去分词做定语
过去分词做表语与谓语动词构成系表结构，表示主语的性质、特征和状态。如：
She was dressed in her finest skirt at the party that night.
The hill is covered with red flowers red flowers and green grass.
过去分词作表语时不要与被动语态混为一谈：前者表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其中的过去分词相当于形容词，而被动语态，其中的过去分词相当于形容词，而被动语态则强调主语所承受的动作。试比较：
除了系动词be以外，get  seem look appear,sound feel.reman
等其它系动词也可接过去分词作表语。如：
The hittle girl seemed frightened at the sight of the poisonous snake.
Several problems remamed unsolved when the manager came back
英语里有许多表示“情绪变化”的动词，如interest;excite;disappoint,bore;enconrage;mspire;amuse;move tire;surprise;please;stisfy;worry;pule;frghten等它们的动词ing 形式和过去分词形式相当于形容词，可在句中作定语和表语，但意义和用法却有着很大区别；动词ing 形式往往表示主语所具有的特征，主语一般是物，常译成‘令人.....的“；过去分词多表示主语所处的心理状态，主语往往是人，常译为”感到......的”。
如:
We were disappomted at the reult of the experiment
The result of the experiment was a bit too disappointing.
We all felt encouraged at the inspiring news.
Practice:Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative.(p5)
1.He got___about losing the money.
2.The painter looked so ____after working for a whole day.
3.I was ____with the film I saw last night I had expected it to be better.
4.Everybody was ______to  hear the death of the famous film star.
5.Everybody is really______about the new Olympic stadiums.
6.His wound became_______with a new virus.
Rewrite the following sentences with the past participle as attributive.
1.They were____to accept my idea.
2.I'll be ____to know how they mad the wonderful fireworks.
3.The mayor said that he was___about the _____rise of the water level in the river bed.
4.Recently_____soldiers are helping to take the victims to safe areas from the flood.
5.Most of the newspaper seems to be_____with pop stars.
6.He was _____of going alone into the empty house.
Rewrite these sentences as one sentence using the past participle as the atribute or predicative(p43)
1.I found this plate on the floor.The plate was broken in pieces.
2.I saw a tall,dark and handsome man,His name is XiaoMing.
  I saw a tall ,dark and handsome man called XiaoMing.
3.I looked at that modem abstract painting.It was colored in yellows and greens.
I looked at that modem abstract painting colored in yellows and greens.
4.Yesterday I got the answer to my question on the internet .It was the one I expected.
Yesterday I got the expected answer to my question on the internet.
5.She is one of my friends.She is devoted to my interests.
6.On the doorstep I found a lot of bottles.
They were marked in green ink.
On the doorstep I found a lot of bottles were marked in green ink.
下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并改正。
1.The speech that we listened to yesterday afternoon was very moving
2.From the disappointing look on his face,we know that he didn't pass the exam.
3.That must have been a terified experience.
4.Some foreign press reports are quite confused.