课程内容

《Cultural relics （Part 4）》

Definitions:

从句（Subordinate Clause）是复合句中不能独立成句,但具有主语部分和谓语部分,由引导词（Connective）引导的非主句部分。
1.What I came in, he was reading a book.
2.I hope that you will give me a reply soon.

定语是用来修饰、限定说明名词或代词的品质与特性的。
1.形容词作定语:
He is a sensitive (kind:selfish:considerate:reasonable)man.
2.代词和限定词：
Whose child is it?  Help yourself to some (more)fish.
3.数词：
There are twenty students in our class.
4.名词或所有格：
She is a college graduate.What's your government's attitude towards it?
5.分词:
These are the roads leading to the school.
The pen bought by her is made in Chia.
6.不定时作定语:
I have something important to discuss with you.
7.定语从句:
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.

The Attributive Clause
    A clause is called an attributive clause when it is used as an attribute modifying a noun,a pronoun or a sentence.
   由一个句子作定语,修饰句子中一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰整个句子或句中的部分内容。

先行词（被定语从句修饰的词）
关系词（引出定语从句的词）
 
   关系词分为两大类,即关系代词和关系副词,其作用一是引出一个定语从句,二是代替其所修饰的先行词,三是在句中充当某个句子成分。

定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,现比较如下:

1.在语法中,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句是有区别的:限制性定语从句对它所修饰的先行词（人或物）起限制,确定作用,是先行词不可缺少的定语,如果省去,主句的意思会不完整,不明确或不合逻辑。
非限制性定语从句对它的先行词（人,物或整个主句所表达的概念）起进一步的说明作用,定语从句去掉,句子意思仍然完整,表达仍然很清楚。在语言形式上,非限制性定语从句的引导词前通常有逗号将其与主句分开,而限制性定语从句则没有。

Do you know the girl?
Her hair is very short in our class.
Do you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class?

He is the student.
I broke his pencil yesterday.
He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday.

2.在句子结构方面,在非限制性定语从句中,作宾语的引导词不可省略。而在限制性定语从句中,作宾语的引导词可以省略。
3.在引导词方面,在非限制性定语从句中不用that（指认用who或whom,指物用which）,还可用when,where等关系副词引导。
①This is the book (which/that) he lost yesterday.
先行词the book在限制性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词which或that可以省略。
②The book,which he lost yesterday,has been found.
先行词the book在非限制性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词which不可省。

定语从句的翻译方法:
一、前置法
二、后置法
三、翻译成状语从句