课程内容

《The Olympic Games （Part 4）》

动词的时态和语态是界定谓语的两个维度

英语中时态共有四种体（form）:完成体、一般体、进行体和完成进行体。
时间（time）也有四种：现在、过去、将来和过去将来。时态为二者组合（八种常用）
英语中的两种语态为主动和被动：

Everybody respects him.(主语为动作执行者)
He is respected by everybody.(主语为动作承受者)
被动结构句子中的主语是主动结构中句子的宾语

那些可用于被动语态的动词

1.及物动词可用于被动语态，因为及物动词有宾语，把宾语变成主语，句子就变成被动结构：
Someone broke the window.→The window was broken.

2.不及物动词若与介词结合构成成语动词，此时可接宾语，句子也就有被动结构：
They have broken into his house.→His house has been broken into.

3.非谓语动词，由于不是谓语，不能改成被动语态，但可以有被动形式：to be done;being done

被动语态的构成

  英语动词的被动语态一般由“be的一定形式+及物动词的过去分词”构成。be在人称和数上必须同主语一致。

 ☆被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be后面的过去分词不变。

被动语态的形式

一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词
一般过去时：was/were+过去分词
现在进行时：am/is/are being+过去分词
过去进行时：was/were being+过去分词
一般将来时：will be+过去分词
过去将来时：would be+过去分词
现在完成时：have/has been+过去分词
过去完成时：had been+过去分词

一般将来时被动语态用法：

一般将来时被动语态由“shall(will)+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。使用时应注意下面句型由主动语态变为被动语态的方法。
  ①主语+谓语+宾语，例如：
   主动：We'll build a new house next year.
   被动：A new house will be built(by us) next year.
  ②主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（习惯上把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语）
   主动：My mother will give me a shirt.
   被动：I will be given a shirt(by my mother).
如果把直接宾语改为主语时，则在间接宾语前加to或for
   主动：My mother will give me a shirt.
   被动：A new shirt will be given to me(by my mother).
  ③主语+谓语+宾语+宾补。如果是含有复合宾语的主动句变成被动句时，将其中的宾语变为主语，宾补不变。例如：
   主动：We'll ask him to help you tomorrow.
   被动：He will be asked to help you(by us).

表示将来时的结构：will/shall+do,be+going+to do,be+doing,be+to do,be+about+to do
                   do→be done
(1).We'll build a new house next year.
A new house will be built (by us) next year.
(2).My mother will give me a present.
I will be given a present(by my mother).
A present will be given to me(by my mother).
(3).The mother is going to tell the baby a story
The baby is going to be told a story(by the mother).
A story is going to be told to the baby(by the mother).
(4).Kelly is about to sing us a song at the party.
We are about to be sung a song(by Kelly)at the party.
A song is about to be sung for us(by Kelly)at the party.
(5).The police is going to have the thief stay in prison.
The thief is going to be had to stay in prison(by the police).

重点讲解

In a room above the store,where a party was to be held,some workers were busily setting the table.
语境表示工人们在为即将开始的晚会忙碌，忙碌是过去正在进行的动作，那么晚会应该是即将发生的事，用过去将来时。如果后面那句是some workers are busily setting the table,那么也可以用will be held.